 Battery:
The heart of your vehicle's electrical system is the battery. Cold weather starts require a battery that is fully charged. Recharge or replace weak batteries. If appropriate, check the fluid levels and make certain the battery posts are clean and tight. Have your alternator or generator and voltage regulator checked, too.
Ignition System:
Damaged ignition wires, a cracked distributor cap, or worn spark plugs can make starting difficult or may cause a sudden breakdown. A fall car check-up will reveal any problems.
Lights:
Check the headlights, side-marker lights, emergency flashers, parking lights, directional signals (front and rear), taillights and brake lights for proper operation. |
To avoid skids on slippery surfaces you need to prevent the wheels from locking when brakes are suddenly applied. Many cars are equipped with antilock brakes. They are designed to prevent wheel lock and allow you to steer the vehicle during sudden or panic braking. Brakes should be checked and, if needed, properly adjusted to ensure equal braking.
Tires are the only contact your vehicle has with the roadway. The amount of traction that exists between the tires and roadway surface determines how well the vehicle starts, turns and stops. Make certain your tires are properly inflated and in good condition. Snow tires are recommended, but chains provide the best starting and stopping performance in severe snow and on icy surfaces. Radial tires are not snow tires unless they have a snow tread configuration and are marked "M&S" (Mud & Snow). If you live in a region that receives light to moderate snowfall, then a set of all-season radials might be the answer to your winter driving needs. Added traction can be achieved by mounting snow tires on the drive wheels. Maximum tire pressure should not exceed that shown on the tire sidewall (the number is molded into the rubber). If the use of chains is necessary, they should be used on all four wheels.
The exhaust system serves two main purposes. First, it carries off carbon monoxide and other harmful gases produced by the engine. Second, it muffles engine noise. Have a mechanic check your exhaust system for leaks in order to minimize the chances of carbon monoxide poisoning. Carbon monoxide is odorless, very hard to detect, and it can kill. If your car is stuck in the snow and you have the engine and heater running, open a window slightly and clear snow away from the exhaust pipe.
Check your radiator and hoses for leaks and cracks. Make sure the water pump and thermostat work properly to pump and control the flow of coolant to maintain the best operating temperature. In addition, add a sufficient amount of antifreeze to your vehicle for the coldest weather (at least -30°F). Test the heater and defroster for proper operation.
Wipers should be checked for proper functioning. Blades that streak the windshield should be replaced. The washer reservoir bottle should be filled with an antifreeze washer solvent.
